If it assumes calmness under command and has removed from itself the disturbance caused by the onslaught of passion, it is called “the satisfied soul” ( al-nafs al-mutma’inna)… In its first meaning the nafs does not envisage its return to God because it has kept itself far from Him: such a nafs is from the party of shaytan. However, it is described differently according to its different states. The second meaning of nafs is the soul, the human being in reality, his self and his person.
That is why they say: one must certainly do battle with the ego and break it ( la budda min mujahadat al-nafs wa kasriha), as is referred to in the hadith: A`da `aduwwuka nafsuka al-lati bayna janibayk. First, it means the powers of anger and sexual appetite in a human being… and this is the usage mostly found among the people of tasawwuf, who take “nafs” as the comprehensive word for all the evil attributes of a person. Translated from the following parts of ‘Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din’Ī] Definitions at the beginning of the book “Kitab sharh `aja’ib al-qalb” ī] Section entitled: “The Soldiers of the Heart” in the same bookĬ] Section entitled: “Shaytan’s domination over the heart through whispering ” in the same bookĭ] Section entitled: “Proofs…” from the book “Kitab riadat al-nafs wa tahdhib al-akhlaq wa mu`alajat amrad al-qalb” Ī] Meaning of nafs: It has two meanings.
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